FRAND—Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory—refers to a licensing commitment often required from patent holders of standard-essential patents, which ensures that these patents are licensed on terms that are fair and accessible to all parties. The concept allows broad access to critical technology standards, such as those used in telecommunications. Prior to Bates White, Douglas Frank provided expertise in calculating FRAND-compliant royalty rates.

In one case, Dr. Frank co-authored economic study calculating FRAND royalty rates for LTE and 5G standard-essential patents in automotive applications, which allow vehicle connectivity for a wide range of services, including audio, navigation, and streaming capabilities. In another case, he conducted an economic study calculating FRAND royalty rates for Wi-Fi standard-essential patents. 

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